Name: Quiz #6 (40 Points) Date: 6/24/03
( 1)
In which design are all subjects exposed to all experimental conditions?
A. randomized, posttest-only B. randomized, pretest-posttest
C.
within-subjects
D. between-subjects
( 2)
What is the major strength of the within-subjects design?
A. More subjects can be used in a single study.
B. Interactive effects can be identified.
C. Carry-over effects are eliminated.
D. It guarantees that the subjects in the various conditions are
equivalent at the start of the study.
( 3) What is the term for the unwanted enhancement of performance on subsequent conditions in within-subjects
designs?
A. positive practice effect B. negative practice effect
C. subject attrition
D. performance maturation
( 4)
In randomized,
between-subjects experimental designs, each subject is
A. exposed to only one level
of the independent variable.
B. exposed to several
levels of the independent variable.
C. matched with one other
subject
D. a member of one of at
least two correlated group
( 5) Which of
the following is true for within-subjects designs?
A.
There must be at least three conditions manipulated.
B.
Subjects are all randomly assigned to conditions.
C.
Each subject serves as his or her own control.
D. They require more subjects than between-subjects designs do.
( 6).
In factorial designs, the notation 3 X 3 tells us that the design
has ____ independent variables.
A. three B. nine C. six D. two
( 7)
In which design are all subjects exposed to all experimental conditions?
A. randomized, posttest-only B. randomized, pretest-posttest
C. within-subjects D. between-subjects
(8).
Which of the following is true for within-subjects designs?
A. There
must be at least three conditions manipulated.
B.
Subjects are all randomly assigned to conditions.
C. Each
subject serves as his or her own control.
D.
They require more subjects than between-subjects designs do.
(9).
Carry-over effects occur in ____ designs.
A. factorial.
B.
differential research
C.
within-subjects.
D. survey research.
(10).
If strong carry-over effects are expected in an experiment,
A. the
within-subjects design is not recommended.
B.
the within-subjects design is recommended.
C. controls
for attrition are crucial.
D. the
problem statement for that particular study cannot be researched.
(11).
Which of the following is a major control for sequencing effects?
A.
random assignment of subjects
B. counterbalancing
C. holding
the variable constant
D. including the factor as a
research variable
(12).
An interaction occurs when
A. the results of each variable are different.
B.
the effect of each variable is different.
C. two or more variables combine to result in unique effects.
D. two or more people talk with each other.
(13). A 2 X 4 ANOVA means
A.
two independent variables and one dependent variable.
B.
one independent variable with two levels and one dependent variable with
four level.
C.
eight independent variables.
D.
one independent variable with two levels and another independent variable
with four levels.
(14).
The ____ hypothesis states that the independent variable has the
predicted effect on the dependent variable.
A.
confounding
B. statistical
C. null
D. causal.
(15).
The most important advantage of conducting field experiments, is that
______ validity is enhanced.
A. external
B.
internal
C. construct
D. selection
(16).
Multiple-baseline designs are especially useful for what type of
situation?
A. when two or more subjects are available
B. when it is undesirable to
use only one baseline
C. when it is undesirable to remove the treatment
D.
when two or more types of behavior are available for study
(17).
Evaluation research
A.
tests theories to develop knowledge in the social sciences.
B.
discovers scientific laws that are generalizable.
C.
determines the value of a specific practice.
D.
lacks a design and procedures to collect information.
(18).
Another name for the single-subject design is the
A. Small-n design. B. internal-subjects design.
C. Repeated-measures design.
D.
Between-subjects design.
(19). Monte Carlo studies continue to show the remarkable robustness of most statistics to assumption violations,
particularly
A. when the
sample sizes are large.
B.
nonparametric statistics.
C.
when the sample sizes are equal.
D. when the sample sizes are small.
(20). If an assumption of a statistical test can be violated without threatening the validity of the conclusions drawn,
the test is
said to be _____ violations of that assumption.
A. withstanding the B. robust to
C.
weak in resisting the
D. none of the above
(21).
“Quasi” means
A.
“approximately”
B. “similar to”
C. “smaller than”
D. “less than”
(22).
Time-series designs are variations of
A. naturalistic designs B. within-subjects designs
C. between-subjects designs
D. time management designs
(23).
The two most important potential confounding factors in time-series
designs are, particularly
A. selection
& regression to the mean
B. regression to the mean & cohort effects
C. history & instrumentation D. None of the above
(24).
A within-subjects design could also be referred to as a _____ design.
C. Differential Research D. Survey Research
(25).
Single-subject experiments are usually weak in
A. confound validity B. construct validity
C.
internal
validity
D.
external validity
(26).
Single-subject designs are variations on
A. mixed designs B. correlated group designs
C.
between-subjects designs
D.
within-subjects designs
(27).
Reversal designs are also called
A. mixed designs B. ABAB designs
C.
between-subjects designs
D.
multiple baseline designs
(28).
The first A in an ABAB design refers to
A. the treatment condition B. the baseline
C.
the reversal to the treatment condition
D. none
of the above
(29).
The second A in an ABAB design refers to
A. the treatment condition B. the control group
C.
the reversal to the baseline
D.
none of the above
(30).
The first B in an ABAB design refers to
A. the treatment condition B. the control group
C.
the reversal to the treatment condition
D.
baseline
(31).
The second B in an ABAB design refers to
A. the treatment condition B. the control group
C.
the reversal to the treatment condition
D.
baseline
(32).
The second A in an ABAB design refers to
A. the treatment condition B. the control group
C.
the reversal to the treatment condition
D.
none of the above
(33).
In multiple baseline designs there may be
A.
more than one independent variable
B. more than one dependent
variable
C.
reversals
D.
both A and B
(34).
Within-subjects designs
A.
reduce confound due to selection
B.
are more sensitive than between-subjects designs to the effects of
independent variable
C
require fewer subjects than between-subjects designs
D.
All of the above
(35).
A ___ experiment is almost an experiment, but is not quite equal to it.
A.
factorial
B. quasi
C. correlational
D.
true
(36).
What makes within-subjects designs more sensitive than between-subjects
designs?
A. They
control for effects of maturation.
B. They reduce error variance due to selection.
C. They
increase the number of subjects.
D. They require more measurements per condition.
(37).
The term Error Variance denotes the nonsystematic within-groups
variability.